An e-way bill is an electronic document required for the movement of goods. It links the goods being transported to a valid invoice, so tax authorities can verify that GST is being accounted for. Think of it as a travel permit for your goods.

The core rule: if you are moving goods worth more than ₹50,000 in a single consignment, you generally need an e-way bill — whether it is a sale, a transfer, or goods sent for job work.

When is an e-way bill required?

Some states set their own thresholds for movement within the state, so check your state's rule.

Part A and Part B

An e-way bill has two parts:

PartContainsFilled by
Part AInvoice details: GSTIN, value, HSN, place of deliverySupplier or recipient
Part BTransport details: vehicle number or transporter IDWhoever arranges transport

The bill is only complete — and the goods can only legally move — once both parts are filled.

How to generate an e-way bill

  1. Log in to the e-way bill portal (or generate it directly from your billing software).
  2. Enter Part A using your invoice details.
  3. Add Part B with the vehicle or transporter information.
  4. Generate the bill and note the unique EBN (e-way bill number).
  5. Carry the e-way bill (digital or printed) with the consignment.

If your invoice is already e-invoiced, much of Part A can be auto-populated from the IRN, saving you re-typing.

Validity: how long an e-way bill lasts

Validity depends on the distance the goods travel — roughly one day for every 200 km (with longer allowances for over-dimensional cargo). If the goods cannot reach in time, the bill can be extended before it expires.

Exemptions

You generally do not need an e-way bill for consignments under ₹50,000, certain exempt goods, movement by non-motorised transport (like a handcart), or very short distances in some cases. When in doubt, generate it — an unnecessary e-way bill costs nothing, but a missing one can get your goods seized.

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Frequently asked questions

When is an e-way bill required?

An e-way bill is generally required when goods worth more than Rs 50,000 are moved in a single consignment, whether for a sale, transfer, return or job work. Some states set their own thresholds for movement within the state.

How long is an e-way bill valid?

Validity is based on distance, roughly one day for every 200 km, with longer allowances for over-dimensional cargo. It can be extended before expiry if goods are delayed.

Who generates the e-way bill?

The supplier, the recipient, or the transporter can generate it. Part A (invoice details) is usually filled by the supplier or recipient, and Part B (transport details) by whoever arranges the vehicle.